Leonardo Pisano was the first great mathematician Essay Example For Students

Leonardo Pisano was the principal incredible mathematician Essay of medievalChristian Europe. He assumed a significant job in revivingancient science and made extraordinary commitments of his own. After his passing in 1240, Leonardo Pisano got known as LeonardoFibonacci. Leonardo Fibonacci was conceived in Pisa in around 1180, the child of an individual from the legislature of the Republic of Pisa. At the point when he was 12 years of age, his dad was made oversee of Pisas exchanging settlement Algeria. It was in Algeria that he was shown the craft of ascertaining. His educator, who remains totally obscure appeared to have granted to him not just a brilliantly down to earth and balanced establishment in science, yet in addition a genuine logical interest. In 1202, two years after at long last settling in Pisa, Fibonacciproduced his most celebrated book, Liber abaci (the book of theCalculator). The book comprised of four sections, and was amended byhim a fourth of a century later (in 1228). It was a thoroughtreatise on logarithmic techniques and is sues which stronglyemphasized and upheld the presentation of the Indo-Arabicnumeral framework, including the figures one to nine, and theinnovation of the zephirum the figure zero. Managing withoperations in entire numbers efficiently, he additionally proposed theidea of the bar (solidus) for parts, and went on to developrules for changing over division factors into the aggregate of unitfactors. We will compose a custom article on Leonardo Pisano was the main incredible mathematician explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Toward the finish of the initial segment of the book, he presentedtables for augmentation, prime numbers and factor numbers. Inthe second part he exhibited numerical applications tocommercial exchanges. To a limited extent three he gave numerous instances of recreationalmathematical issues, much like the sort which are enjoyedtoday. Next he arranged a theory on arrangement from which was determined what is presently called the Fibonnaci arrangement. The FibonacciSequence is likewise named after Fibonacci. The Fibonacci sequenceis an arrangement wherein each term is the aggregate of two termsimmediately going before it. The Fibonacci Sequence that has one asits first term is 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55. . . . Thenumbers may likewise be alluded to as Fibonacci numbers. Fibonaccisequences have demonstrated helpful in number hypothesis, geometry, thetheory of proceeded with portions, and hereditary qualities. They additionally emerge inmany irrelevant marvels, for instance, the Golden Section, (whosevalue is 1.6180) a shape esteemed in craftsmanship and engineering becauseof its satisfying extents, and winding course of action of petals andbranches on specific sorts of blossoms and plants. In the last piece of the book Fibonnaci, an understudy of Euclid, applied the mathematical strategy. Fibonaccis book, the Liberabaci stayed a standard book for the following two centuries. In 1220 he distributed Practica geometriae, a book on geometrythat was extremely noteworthy to future investigations of the subject. In ithe utilizes mathematical techniques to tackle numerous arithmetical andgeometrical issues. He additionally distributed Flos (blossoms) in 1224. In this work he joined Euclidean approach with procedures ofChinese and Arabic inception in taking care of determinate issues. Liber quadratorum was distributed in 1225(Book of SquareNumbers) was committed to the Holy Roman sovereign, Frederick II. This book was dedicated totally to Diophantine conditions of thesecond degree (i.e., containing squares). The Liber quadratorummay be considered Fibonaccis magnum opus. It is a systematicallyarranged assortment of hypotheses, many created by the creator, whoused his own verifications to work out general arrangements. Likely hismost innovative work was in harmonious numbers-numbers that givethe same leftover portion when separated by a given number. He worked outan unique answer for finding a number that, when added to orsubtracted from a square number, leaves a square number. .u64193097a518662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e , .u64193097a518662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e .postImageUrl , .u64193097a518662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u64193097a518662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e , .u64193097a518662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e:hover , .u64193097a518662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e:visited , .u64193097a518662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e:active { border:0!important; } .u64193097a518662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u64193097a518662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u64193097a518662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e:active , .u64193097a518662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e:hover { darkness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u64193097a518662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u64193097a518662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-beautification: underline; } .u64193097a518662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u64193097a518662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u64193097a518662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u64193097a5 18662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u64193097a518662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u64193097a518662e3a49bc1a1fa9125e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Is Humanity Suicidal EssayLeonardos articulation that X + Y and X Y couldn't both besquares was critical to the detemination of the areaof judicious right triangles. In spite of the fact that the Liber abaci was moreinfluential and more extensive in scope, the Liber quadratorum aloneranks its creator as the significant supporter of number theorybetween Diophantus and Pierre de Fermat, the seventeenth century Frenchmathematician. With the exception of his move of spreading the utilization of the Hindu-Arabicnumerals, Fibonaccis commitment to science has beenlargely ignored. His name is known to present day mathematiciansmainly in view of the Fibonacci Sequence dervived from a problemin the Liber abaci:A certain man places a couple of hares in a spot encompassed onall sides by a divider. What number of sets of bunnies can be delivered from that pair in a year, on the off chance that it is assumed that each montheach pair generates another pair which from the second month onbecomes productive?The coming about number succession, 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,35,55(Leonardo himself discarded the primary term), where each numberis the aggregate of the two going before numbers, is the first recursivenumber grouping (in which the connection between two or moresuccesive terms can be communicated by an equation) known in Europe. Fibonacci kicked the bucket in around 1240 and in spite of Fibonaccisimportance as the most orginal and fit mathematician of the medieval world, none of his work has been interpreted intoEnglish. In the nineteenth century, the term Fibonacci Sequence wascoined by the French mathematician, Edouard Lucas, and since thenscientists started to find the numbers in nature which broughtabout another enthusiasm for the point. Albeit still relativelyunknown in the United States, there is a Fibonacci Associationin California. The motivation behind that affiliation is to encourageresearch in the themes that this incredible man once aced.

An Ideal Student free essay sample

A perfect understudy is a model for other people. He is completely mindful of his obligations and has some great characteristics. A perfect understudy is an advantage for a school, society and to the country in general. An understudy of today is a parent and resident of tomorrow. Perfect understudies are honorable, contemplative and noble in their obligations. In any case, they are aware of their crucial life. They are strong, blunt, honest and legit however never mean, egotistical and extremist. Affableness is their trimming. They loathe none yet love all. A perfect understudy is self-restrained. He complies with his folks, older folks and instructors. He is timely in going to the school and ordinary in considers. He loathes sin yet not the delinquent. He is consistently wary in picking companions. A perfect understudy develops great and helpful propensities. He never dismisses his wellbeing. He is extremely solid of character, both as a top priority and body by standard acts of physical activities so as to keep them fit. We will compose a custom exposition test on An Ideal Student or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He realizes that if character is lost everything is lost. He is affordable both in time and cash. He is in acceptable books of his educators and guardians. Adolescence is a phase of development of character. A kid is sent to class for basic preparing for his future life where the estimation of control in life is found out. Here he is under the immediate preparing and control of his educators who assess his ability, rebuffed for his imprudence and guide him in his investigations and in the improvement of his propensities to form him into a perfect character with the goal that he might not have any issue in his later life Thus he comes to recognize what is acceptable and what is terrible in this world. At the point when this sense in him is appropriately evolved, he becomes as perfect understudy. He can demonstrate himself to be completely forthright, respectful and strong in his character. A perfect understudy is he who is cognizant about his obligations and duties towards his family, his general public and his nation and bears a decent good character by having a basic existence with honorable reasoning, being devoted, aware towards his bosses, and humane towards his Juniors. On the off chance that an understudy scores excellent grades in an assessment, it doesn't imply that he ought to be called an arrangement understudy, except if he has each one of those great characteristics. He may establish academicals precedent in the college, however may end up being a disappointment in his reality, though, an understudy, who may not make a brilliant academicals vocation, may substantiate himself a perfect stu mark by excellence of his respectable character. A perfect understudy regards and cherishes his folks and educators. He acts, both in his family life and his school life, similar to a reasonable individual, and offers similarly the Joys and distresses of others. He is honest, faithful and taught. He is the future perfect resident of the world. He is additionally a genuine nationalist, who forfeits his own advantages, when the topic of safe ty of his homeland comes and may chip in him for the administration in a characteristic disaster anyplace in the nation. He offers inclination to mankind than everything else throughout everyday life. Nowadays it is exceptionally hard to track down perfect understudies. They are exceptionally uncommon. In any case, the person who is, he is a model for different understudies. He is adored by all. He is the pride of his folks, his general public, and his nation. An Ideal Student By fathima456

Small Get-together Friday

Small Get-together Friday While were still quite busy with selection, tomorrow (Friday) Ill have a small reception for any students visiting MIT. The reception will be tomorrow (Friday) at from 5-7pm in Stata Center room 32-155. I know that there will be many students around tomorrow for several reasons, including the Harvard-MIT Math Tournament (HMMT), visiting other schools, and visiting MIT on what is a vacation week for some students across the country. And since Ill be sequestered with applications throughout the weekend (and hence wont be able to informally meet with folks otherwise or attend HMMT), I want to be able to take some time to see the MIT Class of 2010 members, parents, coaches, and prospective MIT students who are around. The reception wont be anything terribly formal; Ive just reserved a room, and Ill get some delicious cannoli and Italian cookies from Modern Pastry in Bostons North End. Some of the student bloggers may join me as well. For those of you in from out of town, Ill be happy to provide some good restaurant recommendations ;) If youre on campus tomorrow, I hope youll swing by!

Biology Lab Essay - 831 Words

Lab Report: Scientific Method Your Name: Alyssa Melincoff Purpose of this Lab What is the goal of this lab? What question is it trying to answer, or what problem is it trying to explain? To find out how table salt affects the boiling temperature of water. Hypothesis After reading the lab instructions - but before starting the lab - record your best â€Å"educated guess† about what will happen in the experiment. What hypothesis can you generate about the effect of adding salt to water? Adding table salt to boiling water will cause the water to boil at a higher temperature Experimental Design List the materials used in this lab, and the procedure you followed. Materials: 1.Kitchen Stove 2. 2 cup measuring cup 3. sharpie†¦show more content†¦Use the digital thermometer. Record the temperature when the pot reaches a rolling boil. Data Record the data you collected in the lab. (The data table and the graph.) Table 2. Boiling point temperatures of various salt solutions. Beaker/Concentration of NaCl (M) Boiling Point Temperature ( °C) Analysis Analyze the data you collected in the lab. How does the data presented above relate to the hypotheses you generated earlier in lab? Are any hypotheses disproved by your experiment? Use your graph to determine the boiling point of a solution made with 2  ½ tablespoons. This use of a graph has generated a hypothesis that a 2  ½ tablespoon solution boils at __219__degrees F. Prepare a 2.5 M solution and verify your hypothesis.Correct! †¢Is the hypothesis correct? Yes. Adding table salt to water causes the water to boil at a higher temperature. †¢Problems with doing the experiments. The temperature readings were hard to make. Gloves had to be worn to keep my hands from getting too hot. Had to be careful that the stove heat was not hitting the thermometer. †¢Other things learned. Be careful when adding salt to boiling water. It makes the water boil vigorously for a second or two. Conclusion After conducting the experiment, how would you now explain the problem(s) or answer the question(s) raised when you described the purpose of the lab? Be sure to base your answer on the data you collected. If you are given aShow MoreRelatedBiology Lab Report1286 Words   |  6 PagesStudy area: Present study is based on laboratory work; however the plant material for experimental purpose will be collected from experimental farm of CSIR-IIIM (32.73N and 74.87E). Objectives: 1. Full length cloning of squalene synthase, squalene epoxidase, ÃŽ ²- amyrin synthase CYP88D6, CYP172A54, the five known genes involved in glycyrrhizin biosynthesis from Glycyrrhiza glabra. 2. Real time expression analyses of the targeted genes in various in-vitro regenerated plant organs in relationRead MoreBiology Lab Report797 Words   |  4 PagesAn association between enzyme production, gene copy number, and gene evolution was explored by conducting analysis of the salivary amylase enzyme, AMY1A gene copy number, and the ancestral starch consumption in Homo Sapiens (Tracey 2017, p.22). It was hypothesized that the relative amount of starch consumption was very high for my personal ancestral diet, thus my AMY1 diploid gene copy number in my genome and salivary amylase concentration would be significantly higher than the population mean. WithRead MoreEssay about Biology Lab2370 Words   |  10 PagesIB SL Biology Lab Molecular Biology: Transformation and Electrophoresis Christina Qi 2/16/07 Aim: How can a plasmid be engineered to include a foreign piece of DNA and how does gel electrophoresis separate DNA molecules present in a mixture? 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This is important to understand the basics of cell division which is necessary growth,repair

Fluid mechanics Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Task Learning Outcome 3 Determine head losses in pipeline flow Q1: Calculate the flow of water under gravity in litres/sec between the two reservoirs in Figure 1 below. 5.6m Pipe à ¸ 11cm in steel (k=0.20mm) 15.78m Figure 1 Solution: The length of the pipe may be approximated to be ≈ ---ïÆ'   L = 16.7442 m. Assuming a completely turbulent flow (dependent on pipe roughness), the friction factor may be estimated by the von Karman equation: f = and, plugging in values gives f = ---ïÆ'   f = 0.022813 Then, by Darcy-Weisbach equation = f * * where = head loss due to friction = difference in levels of water (5.6 m) v = fluid’s average velocity (m/s); g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2) Arranging the equation for v – v = = = 5.6249 m/s pipe’s area @ cross – section = * = 0.0095 m2 Thus, the volumetric flow rate (under gravity), V = 5.6249 m/s * (0.0095 m2) * = 53.44 L/sec Task 2 – Learning Outcome 3.2 Determine Reynolds’ number for a flow system and assess its significance Q2: As an engineer in an industry, you are required to pump oil (density 900 kg/m3, viscosity 0.12Ns/m2 and flow rate 0.2m3/s) in a 15 cm diameter pipe over a distance of 120m. (a) Calculate the critical velocity and the Reynolds’ number in the pipe. critical velocity, v = (volumetric flow rate per unit area of cross – section) cross – sectional area, A = * = 0.01767 m2 so that, v = = 11.32 m/s = = ---ïÆ'   = 12,735 (turbulent) (b) Calculate the power required (per metre) to pump the oil horizontally at a mass flow rate of 30kg/s. We will write a custom essay sample on Fluid mechanics or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now For turbulent flow with < 100,000, Prandtl equation applies as— = 2.0 log whereupon substitution of the found: = 2.0 log yields f ≈ 0.0289927 (by trial & error) Since the flow is strictly horizontal (no turns/bends, elevation, nor expansion/contraction along pipe length) then, energy – balance with the Bernoulli equation reduces to: ÃŽ £F = (where pump work solely accounts for friction losses) And by Darcy-Weisbach equation, ÃŽ £F = f * * = ---ïÆ'   ≈ 1,486.08 Based on this, the required power would be the product of the work term and the mass flow rate, being Power = (1486.08 m*N/kg) (30 kg/s) = 44,582.4 watts For each meter of the pipe length, Power = ---ïÆ'   Power = 0.3715 kW/m (c) Calculate the power required (per metre) to pump the oil horizontally at a mass flow rate of 120kg/s.

Computers And Its Impact On The Workplace - 927 Words

According to the U.S. Census Forty-four million households, or 42 percent, had at least one member who used the Internet at home in the 2000. Today, no doubt, even more family members in the United States use computers. Most people are aware of the desktop computers which can be found in the home and in the workplace. What are the different types of computers and what are their purposes? Computers can be classified into three different categories of home computers, portable computers, and business computers including workstations and super computers. First, what is a computer? While the term computer can apply to virtually any device that has a microprocessor in it, most people think of a computer as a device that receives input from the user through a mouse or keyboard, processes it in some fashion and displays the result on a screen. Home computers are being used by children, teenagers, and adults. The PC or personal computer is designed to be used by one person. The term, Mac, is a PC, but most people link computers with Windows software such as Windows 98, Windows 2000, or Windows XP. A PC is actually a desktop that is designed to be used in one set location. Most desktops offer more power, storage, and versatility for less than their portable brethren. Many desktop computers are used at home and at work. Various types of software have been designed to meet individual needs of the computer user. The use of home computers or PCs can be for various purposes such asShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Computer Surveillance At The Workplace2122 Words   |  9 PagesAssessment of the Impact of Computer Surveillance at the Workplace Abstract Computer surveillance refers to the use of computers to track the activity of individuals at the workplace. It is a common practice especially in industries that have a large number of employees whom they cannot monitor in person. The research will examine computer monitoring as one of the methods which the management uses to monitor employee activity at the workplace. The researcher will examine the advantages of computer monitoringRead MoreThe Internet Usage At Workplace1320 Words   |  6 Pageslimited activities they could perform when using the computer at work, however with the advance of technology the computer and the Internet enabled a wide range of tools employees can work with. These technological developments have a huge impact, both positive and negative, and are also affecting the way Internet is being used in the workplace. On the positive side, the Internet improved the way employers and employees communicate in the workplace, providing a faster and more efficient way of transmittingRead MoreThe Impact Of Technological Change On Business1252 Words   |  6 PagesFC511 Group M10 Assessment title: Essay Title: the impact of technology on business in the last fifteen years. Tutor name Steven Powell. Student ID number: 201158721. â€Æ' The impact of technological change on business in the last fifteen years. Introduction: Communication technology is one of the most important facilities of information technology (IT) for the people around the world. It changed the human life by making it easier to communicate, also it made the world connected together. PeopleRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment Essay954 Words   |  4 Pagessuch as our diet, serving sizes and frozen commercial goods has a significant impact on daily as well as impact. Decreasing the use of vending machines additionally aid the decrease of carbon footprint impact since packed meals is another perpetrator of these CO2 pollutants. Carbofund.org recommended many techniques to decrease carbon footprint in our everyday life. 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In this essay, the arguments for the dependency on computers will be presentedRead MoreSample Resume : Soft Skills1175 Words   |  5 PagesSoft Skills in Workplace Volunteering and Internships Carrie Priest MGT300 –Principles of Management Colorado State University – Global Campus Melinda Curley October 16, 2016 Soft Skills in Workplace Volunteering and Internships In this paper I will explore the four soft skills I have selected that are important to my mentorship opportunity and how these soft skills would positively impact my mentorship experience. I am currently involved in the Leadership Mentor Program at work where seniorRead MoreIn modern times Information Communication Technology (ICT) has become ever-present in life.800 Words   |  4 PagesInformation Communication Technology (ICT) has become ever-present in life. Sometimes it feels as though it is encroaching on daily routine but the advantages it offers in both personal and working life are prodigious. 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The National Work Rights Institute states, under the federal law, the limited protection the Electronic

English Essay for Hurling Insults and Vehemently Criticizing

Question: Discuss about theEnglish Essay for Hurling Insults and Vehemently Criticizing. Answer: In the article, People blame Facebook for fake news and partisan bile. Theyre wrong, the authors argue that although social media channels have been accused of provoking political turmoil in America, causing political instability, by hurling insults and vehemently criticizing the political leaders is power, the charge is barely true. Forestal and Philips argue that social media might have emerged to be a platform that enables its users engage in conversations more openly on a public domain, but it does nothing more than unravel what has been existing in the society since long before (Forestal et al.). The authors point out that the very DNA of sites like Twitter makes them antithetical to sophisticated, thoughtful political conversation.. With the emergence of social media sites, one notices how supporters of a political party are being subject to racial and sexual abuse on social media sites like Twitter, or how supporters of a political party sling mud at supporters of a rival part y openly, and uttering the most uncensored, abominable words humanity has ever heard of. However, social media sites do not incite this hatred nor does it cause such venomous speech, as these technologies might instead beuncoveringthe fissures that already exist within the American public.. Rather it brings on the surface what had always existed, but had not been unraveled in absence of a public medium. Instead of blaming social media sites for having corrupted the democracy, it is exigent that the American citizens open their eyes to the problem, and try to shape their ethical attitude towards a political problem. Although the above argument presented by the authors is partially true, it is undeniable that social media does turn people into thoughtless political extremists. Hence, the points stated by the author are highly objectionable, and the topic sentence of the essay is that social media does play an active role in creating political turmoil. . It is indeed true as pointed out by Forestal and Philips, that communal hatred, racial abuse and utter disrespect towards the opposing party has always been there. However, as critics like Enli have argued, the social media sites help in aggravating the situation, by provoking others to join some atrocious pages, which intend to make atrocious memes of the political leaders and their supporters (Enli et al.). While earlier one would keep his abusive words and slangs confined to himself and his friends, social media sites like Twitter or Facebook helps his inflammatory ideas rise to the top of the conversation, become viral in a while, and with re- tweets and likes and shares, larger number of people are getting influenced by such ideas. While memes have emerged to be the lowest and cheapest forms of socio-political discourse, Bennett has argued that the social media channels help one to hide behind the cover, and promote a shouting-down of the opposition, without trying to adopt an analytical way of evaluating the political situation (Bennett). While the authors state that racial and sexual abuse and utter indignation towards the political leaders of the opposing party have always been a problem , it should be noted that people participating in even the most abominable political discourses also had little interest and knowledge about political affairs. On the other hand, social media users, regardless of their knowledge in political matters, get attracted to the meaningless ramblings of the uninformed people and their degrading posts, and make the sense of enmity viral in a short while. Even if this does not help in creating a problem that had been existing since a long time back, helps in aggravating the situation, by creating a sense of enmity, confusion and hatred amongst all, influencing the majority of people (Zhu et al.). To sum it up, it should be noted that even though social media is not the only medium that promotes political turmoil and social instability, it does play a crucial role in falsifying information, misquoting political speeches, misrepresenting political agendas and encouraging political instability and conflicts. Hence, unchecked use of social media can prove to be detrimental in future. Reference List: Bennett, W. Lance. "Changing societies, changing media systems: Challenges for communication theory, research and education."Can the Media Serve Democracy?. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. 151-163. Enli, Gunn, and Hallvard Moe. "Introduction to Special Issue: Social media and election campaignskey tendencies and ways forward."Information, Communication Society16.5 (2013): 637-645. Forestal, Jennifer et al. "Analysis | People Blame Facebook For Fake News And Partisan Bile. TheyRe Wrong.".Washington Post. N.p., 2017. Web. 8 May 2017. Zhu, Qinfeng, Marko Skoric, and Fei Shen. "I Shield Myself From Thee: Selective Avoidance on Social Media During Political Protests."Political Communication34.1 (2017): 112-131.

Violence In Entertainment Essays - Dispute Resolution, Criminology

Violence In Entertainment Violence In Entertainment And Its Effect On Society Does entertainment influence society's attitude towards violent behavior? In order to fully answer this question we must first understand what violence is. Violence is the use of one's powers to inflict mental or physical injury upon another, examples of this would be rape or murder. Violence in entertainment reaches the public by way of television, movies, plays, and novels. Through the course of this essay it will be proven that violence in entertainment is a major factor in the escalation of violence in society, once this is proven we will take all of the evidence that has been shown throughout this paper and come to a conclusion as to whether or not violence in entertainment is justified and whether or not it should be censored. Television with its far reaching influence spreads across the globe. Its most important role is that of reporting the news and maintaining communication between people around the world. Television's most influential, yet most serious aspect is its shows for entertainment. Violent children's shows like Mighty Morphin Power Rangers and adult shows like NYPD Blue and Homicide almost always fail to show human beings being able to resolve their differences in a non-violent manner, instead they show a reckless attitude that promotes violent action first with reflection on the consequences later. In one episode of NYPD Blue three people were murdered in the span of an hour. Contemporary television creates a seemingly insatiable appetite for amusement of all kinds without regard for social or moral benefits (Schultze 41). Findings over the past twenty years by three Surgeon Generals, the Attorney General's Task Force on Family Violence, the American Medical Association, the National Institut e of Mental Health, the American Psychiatric Association, the American Psychological Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and other medical authorities indicate that televised violence is harmful to all of us, but particularly to the mental health of children (Medved 70-71). In 1989 the results of a five year study by the American Psychological Association indicated that the average child has witnessed 8,000 murders and 100,000 other acts of violence on television by the time he or she has completed sixth grade. In further studies it was determined that by the time that same child graduates from high school he or she will have spent 22,000 hours watching television, twice as many hours as he or she has spent in school (Bruno 124). In a study by the Centers for Disease Control, published by the JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association), it was shown that homicide rates had doubled between the introduction of television in the 1950's and the end of the study in 1994. In that same study other possible causes for the vast increases in violence were studied, the 'baby boom' effect, trends in urbanization, economic trends, trends in alcohol abuse, the role of capital punishment, civil unrest, the availability of guns, and exposure to television(Lamson 32). Each of these purported causes was tested in a variety of ways to see whether it could be eliminated as a credible contributor to doubling the crime rate in the United States, and one by each of them was invalidated, except for television. Children average four hours of television per day, and in the inner city that increases to as much as eleven hours a day, with an average of eight to twelve violent incidents per hour. It is also interesting to note tha t violence occurs some fifty-five times more often on television than it does in the real world (Medved 156). FBI and census data show the homicide arrest rate for seventeen-year-olds more than doubled between 1985 and 1991, and the rates for fifteen-and sixteen-year-olds increased even faster. Movies also add their fair share to the problem of violence in society. Researchers have established that copycat events are not an anomaly. Statistically-speaking, they are rare, but predictable, occurences. Television shows, novels, but especially movies-all can trigger copycat violence (Medved 72). As recently as November of 1995, New York City officials believed that the burning of a toll-booth clerk was a result of copycat violence, resulting from a similar scene in the movie Money Train. In 1994,

Situational Analysis of BMW The WritePass Journal

Situational Analysis of BMW Introduction Situational Analysis of BMW ). At present, the company has millions of Facebook fans which can use to amplify its marketing message (Schmuck, 2012). To improve its current digital marketing, a suggested strategy is the development of mobile applications for potential customers. The company can develop Apple and Android applications since the sale of smart phones has greatly increased in the last few years. The customers use such technology gadgets to access information on the internet and thus it can be easily used to target all potential market segments easily. Partnering with websites that provide sports and car reviews would also help the company leverage its fame. Even though the ultimate use of the campaign would be generating sales, the company should not make use of unnecessary product, but rather focus on giving a brand insight to the potential customers. The company can track and measure performance of its digital marketing campaign by measuring clicks, likes, views, tweets, shares etc. The company can give a statistical representation to the amount of time spent on website, log in frequency and clicks. Designing online games and online applications would help in engaging the consumers with the brand (Maclaran and Catterall, 2002). This would not just expose the brand and product but would also help to nurture relationships with existing consumers. For the purchase of high involvement products such as a car, the opinion leaders can play a very important role. The opinion leaders help materialise the power of word of mouth communications by passing on information and their opinion about a product. BMWi marketers can use pre-launch tests for advertisements as well as the pre-tests for the product to generate an opinion. The opinion leaders can be the obvious ones such as car reviewers, bloggers, enthusiasts and drivers. The company should also include unobvious opinion leaders such as car dealers, mechanics, environmental awareness promoters etc. According Hawkins, Best and Coney, (1998) consumers rely more on opinion leaders when they need to buy high risk products. A car is a high involvement product, expensive as well as a symbol of status for many. Thus it includes financial risks and social risk for the buyers. The potential consumers, in order to minimise the perceived risk, would rely on the information from knowledgeable personnel such as drivers and enthusiasts. The first step in generating online interest would be the identification of opinion leaders and sampling them to find a suitable presentation in all targeted segments. The identification of the opinion leaders, which are not obvious but powerful, can be a difficult task for the company. One effective strategy as suggested by markers for identifying opinion leaders is seeding the offering in a group of people (this can be based on age or geographic sampling and letting it diffuse. BMWi can use the identified age segment of 45-55 years as well as the existing users of the BMW cars. The company can then find early adopters and use information from them to locate opinion leaders (Frost, 2004). According to research by Stokburger-Sauer and Hoyer (2009) opinion leaders generally have high involvement in their respective product categories. Exposing the brand to them and initiating a trial can be enough to generate an opinion. The company, after choosing the opinion leaders, can send them cars for test driving or invite them to the showrooms to give their opinions. The company should focus on gaining a favourable response from the opinion leaders. Chrysle r in one of its marketing strategies offered the car for testing to the opinion leaders for a weekend (Hawkins, Best and Coney, 1998). The company can also record positive testimonials from people that the target market can relate to and put them on its online portals. To engage the opinion leaders the company already has an application available on iOS and Android called the Ultimate Drive through which the drivers and car enthusiast share their tips, rate roads and favourite drives (Smith, 2011). References Faust, W. and Householder, L. (2009). Get Real and Prosper: Why Social Media Demands Authentic Brands. Design Management Review Vol. 20 No. 1, pp 45-51. Frost, R. (2004). Gaining Influence Through word of Mouth. [Online] Brand channel. Available at: brandchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=196 [21st April, 2012] Gallear, D., Ghobadian, A. and ORegan, N. (2008). Digital/web-based technology in purchasing and supply management: a UK study. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. 19:3, pp. 346-50. Hawkins, D. Best, R.J and Coney, K.A. (1998). Consumer behavior : building marketing strategy. Beijing : China Machine Press Haynes, J. (2001). Internet management issues:Â  a global perspective. Idea Group Inc. (ICI). Maclaran, P. and Catterall,M. (2002), researching the social Web: marketing information from virtual communities, Marketing Intelligence Planning, Vol. 20 Iss: 6, pp.319 – 326 Schmuck, A. (2012). 2 ways BMW is engaging tech-savvy consumers. [Online] I-Media Connection. Available at: imediaconnection.com/content/30787.asp Smith, C. (2011). BMW Creates Social Network for Driving Enthusiasts. [Online] Digital Marketing Ramblings. Available at: http://expandedramblings.com/index.php/bmw-creates-social-network-for-driving-enthusiasts/ [21st April, 2012] Stokburger-Sauer, N. E. and Hoyer, W. D. (2009), Consumer advisors revisited: What drives those with market mavenism and opinion leadership tendencies and why? Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 8 (2-33). Pp.100–115. Zesty, S. (2012). Brilliant BMW Real World Facebook Racing Game. [Online] Digital Marketing Institute. Available at: http://digitalmarketinginstitute.ie/blog/advertising/brillant-bmw-real-world-facebook-racing-game [21st April, 2012]

What is the relationship between Leadership and Ethics, why they must Essay

What is the relationship between Leadership and Ethics, why they must be related and how they can be related in daily Leadership in the Intelligence Community - Essay Example Leadership, which establishes the corporate identity, is difficult to delineate in terms of moral leadership, mainly because leadership is about the â€Å"influence of individual character and the impact of personal mentoring† (Gini, Structural Restraints, par. 11), while moral leadership is considered a reflection of acceptable organizational values. According to Paul Hoffman, core values are what define individuals while ethics are demonstrated through behavior. Values are constant but ethics are different in different settings, and things are right, wrong, true or false, according to observed behavior. Therefore, in terms of leadership, organizational values should be reflected in leadership behavior and if not, the leader’s commitment to these values is questionable. Organizational failure can be attributed to personal greed over expressed organizational values. When an executive has low ethical standards of behavior, workers feel justified in responding in kind. Therefore, they consider bending the rules to be acceptable and are apt to be late for work, often absent, and three quarters of workers in a survey admitted they did not give the job their â€Å"best effort.† In other words, â€Å"American workers are as ethical/dutiful in doing their jobs as their bosses and companies are perceived to be ethical/dutiful in leading and directing them† (Gini, par. 2). A decade ago, business ethics were viewed in terms of administrative compliance with rules and regulations to maintain a market share. The situation has changed in a global business community, and companies are beginning to realize they must earn the respect and confidence of their customers (Business Ethics). Ethical behavior in business is under more scrutiny than ever before, mainly because of recent events—9/11, Enron, terrorism and the war in Iraq, along with a devastating economy and an unexpected number

Sylvias Bar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sylvias Bar - Essay Example It did good business, attracting high volume of customers and earning sizable profits from its beginning in the late 1980s till the mid-2000s. From the late of 2000s, its profits started to decline, as the flow of customers reduced to abysmal levels, even close the bar for few days of the week. The response from the customers dwindled because of Sylvia’s long-standing strategies of offering products and services at high cost, playing outdated music and also due to the advent of more modern bars in the neighbourhood. This report will focus on the Sylvia’s Bar and will discuss its current situation or problems, coming up with recommendations for it to manage those problems. Cost and menu High cost in the sense, Sylvia’s was established as a high class wine and cocktail bar, aimed at the customers, who constitute the top end of the market. Because of this focus on a particular target segment, the price of the drinks and the food was on the higher side. Although Sylv ia’s Bar wanted to focus more on these high segment, who are able to pay the high prices. In the fact, with this pricing restrict its customer base. Due to these high pricing, other segments of the wide prospective customer base look for other options that the bar has to throw ingredients by the reduction of the customers, and this was validated by Sylvia’s waitress, Kate. â€Å"We throw too much food away, I’m not sure that the customers in town are looking for this kind of fancy stuff†. ... (Piron 2000). (Vickers and Renand 2003). So, by setting price on the basis of industry standards, and equal or less than its competitors, Sylvia’s Bar can expand its customer segment. Even while bringing in more customers, care should be taken not to compromise on the quality. Staffing The insistence of using only classically trained cocktail bar staff, who have completed a course in bar work at South Birmingham College, negatively impacts the finances of the Sylvia’s Bar. As these particular staff demand payment, which are double the ones paid to the casual bar workers, Sylvia has to allocate a sizable financial resources for the salary of these staffs, which further eats into their income. As the customers do not particularly insist on qualified employees from a particular academic institution and may not even know that fact, it is not compulsory for Sylvia’s Bar to recruit only them. Instead, they can recruit skilled and enterprising casual employees and impor tantly train them according to the job needs. (Mattila 1999). Training programs may not cost sizably, and on the other hand, the trained casual labourers can be paid only half of the salary paid to the other set of employees, thus saving crucial finances for the firm. (Kerfoot, Davies & Ward 2003). Sylvia’s bar also faced certain employee centric problems. Firstly, the employees had to wear a particular set of uniforms, and that according to certain employees was also very outdated. Barman Paul, 32 had this to say about it, â€Å"These uniforms are so dated and formal. I feel like I’m working in a church not a bar!† Importantly, this outdated feel of the uniforms would also negatively reflect among the customers, who might want to see employees clad in

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of ERP

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of ERP An enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is an integrated computer-based application to control internal and external resources including tangible assets, financial resources, materials, and human resources. Before accounting systems that performed manually but today is help by computer. So, information technology facilitated to improve the cost and management accounting procedure. Therefore, IT play an important role of accounting as like weapon to support object which must increase money for IT because IT investment to their total budget higher. 2.0 The role and purposes of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems in organizations Face threatening that arrival of the information age, position on unrestrained direction to encourage of a high speed development, we hold the information technology having a great influence or authority on the hand to power of the leading way in the information war. Usually, every enterprise pursues for interests and benefit in the economical activity of organizing. Particularly, on one occasion only that organization belonging in a big structure, its information management that cannot be done without the need of development in the information era. In truth, enterprise could grow faster and more efficiently than ever, when the essential factor to put into the correct position whether the outcome of one enterprise information management has already considered about something in specified way. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) can help an enterprise to complete successfully of the revolution of its development as the most powerful weapon. Another that no one seems to know much about but those buzzwords that everyone talks of. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) are more about how the several kinds of division in Enterprise functions, it not just about planning resources. It aims to provide single software which will combine all the divisions in organization planning, manufacturing, sales, marketing, finance, human resources but at the same time fulfil each division information and planning needs by an ERP solution. The purpose of this article is to provide further insights through the enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and influence in an organisational performance. It point to challenge existing claims of ERP vendors with regard of the benefits for their products to provide chain management to supply evidence of the benefits of bundling ERPS. 2.1 Critical elements for a successful enterprise resource planning implementation in small-and medium-sized enterprises For the last few years, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have been increasing promptly of body research relating to the implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. Especially for SMEs, want successful in ERP implementation is very important in this situation. In SMEs, they aim to look carefully the critical elements which establish a successful ERP implementation by research. Constituent within the critical elements is to recognize to an objective Research if want in a successful ERP implementation that necessary critical elements and management at each stages of implementation. In SMEs, the consequence if want to improve success rate of ERP implementation must aims by provide researchers and practitioners with guidelines. 2.2 The Advantages and Disadvantages of ERP Enterprise Resource Planning having a strong power in benefit. In the past, it used to solve a numeral problem that have plagued in the large organization. Sometime, it also has disadvantages. If this solution thoroughly needs, it being able to weigh of the both company to decide it. Firstly, it should observe that companies which is unsuccessful to utilize system as ERP may generates when using various software packages that cant function well by each other. Therefore, the company will get the less efficient than it should for the long run. There have many of processes which company may be combination together. Design engineering is the one of processes. Designing product is in produce or creating it is important in the ultimately consequence. ERP is the best because it can help a company to find the good quality of design process. Another part of ERP is order tracking. When company receives product in order that also can help the company to track and get detailed information to the customers and marketing strategies. The data is not correspond when people using the different software package. Accounting application can made combination of the cost, profit and revenue information of sales and also can granular way in a manner. Nevertheless, Enterprise Resource Planning can change how a product is manufactured. It is important because it permits the company to keep better product and produced the good quality in higher level. ERP is the secure tool that can prevent against crime in company such as embezzlement or industrial espionage. Whatever, there also have some disadvantages. Possibly in technology one of the biggest disadvantages is the cost. Large enterprise only can really get benefit which offered by this technology at this moment. Many researches that show the biggest challenges in companies will face implement ERP deals with investment. It is important for companies make sure the integrity of the data is defended so that employees must know how to use it and trained non-stop. ERP has many of limitations. This system can successful is fully relied of the workers understand how to use it. That why the company must train them properly but some companies have attempted to save money to reduce the cost of training. Even the company has much money to implement EPR but impossible successfully to use it because they dont have enough money trained their workers how to use it on the process. The biggest disadvantage of ERP is difficult to customize. Not much company can utilize effectively of ERP out of the box. I t must change slightly to suit their needs and to process but both of this so expensive and tiresome. In the beginning, the company doesnt change system what the limited they can do. Most ERP vendors will not permit the structure of the software usage of change. ERP of one advantage is that making changes to use it that possibly will make a company reduce competitive in the market. Beside that, the costs involved implemented ERP and training the workers to utilize that ERP vendors may charge extra license fees, put some energy on companies to pay them if dont have sufficient resources. Therefore, the technical support of ERP departments afraid get the trouble arise due to security so they must give some information to the technology support them. ERP Cyclical structure 2.3 Role and purpose of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) Part of which may incorporate information technology and collects of mutual relation parts that is accounting information system. The purpose of AIS is to gather data, process it becomes information to make decision and that can use by internal and external. It creates and maintains a professional identity by researches and professionals, and educators. Members can through between communications and interaction. Private sectors, bodies in government provide something interest or activity contact in education that influence and control the nature information system. IS field and profession create a vision for the future. So, to publish books, journals, and other materials, to do together with organizations interested for further and practice of information systems, to function research; to support high professional standards, to support the information systems when growth, and to improve the quality of professional in every part of the world by AIS intends. In the economy, accountants play important role of significant. Business not having the ability to evaluate their cost and profit position, gauge product or business unit performance, or to plan future financial success, if accountant without expert knowledge or skill. Now accountant, use of computer software by increasing that automates to help creating and designing AIS to serve as more efficient management in hand. In companies required a sizeable investment and maintenance cost in accounting system position. Thus, installing the system that companies has detail objective are the function of management, management decision making and dad-to-day operations of the firm support by AIS. 2.4 On the ERP system, the impact of accounting information system The most famous international business management at the present is ERP. Economy for today Chinese enterprises of knowledge-based, we must increase core of competitiveness and using the most recent management result and strengthen into business operation and management. Nowadays, it establish on the base of information technology to management systematic thinking and worker for business decision-making tools for decision-making operation management platform. ERP systems development, it has point on information technology and advanced management ideas in one through the Development and improvement until today, the various departments of the enterprise, such as procurement management, sales and consignment, inventory management, financial systems, production management, quality management, human resources management, supply chain management, linked together to become a modern enterprise running mode of the combination of information technology. In the ERP system, reveal every information of enterprises in the corporate LAN, distributed in several kind of regions of the Enterprise Management personnel with the range of the default through by their own particular account and password of Internet and self-management data and information relevant of respo nsibilities to address of exchange information in the company and having effective of delivery problems. In the ERP system of accountancy, we fully realized that the accounting model to comprehensive transformation in managerial. Therefore, ERP system is a logistics, capital flow, information flow combination that embodies the system management and control of a clearly ideology, example, sales and accounts receivable system, the user can set credit limits for personal customers, credit period, sales can get discounts and cash discounts, it usually charge of a higher settings. Must enter customer orders, the system will automatically make sure the availability of the customers arrears for more than credit period, a original amount owed plus the availability of the order greater than its credit limit, over the limit order should special marked ERP system automatically until the customers refund the money that can having a particular delegate authority in order to delivery. Customers o rder must examination, the system was permitted an open up sales of single-notification warehouse shipping, warehouse shipments and should be based on sales alone. Sometimes, Sales and accounts receivable system in a manner that it consistent with confirmed delivery of sales orders and already make sure that sales price for each product in sales invoices out automatically through the system based on value-added tax rate pre-prepared and auto-transfer certificate as accounts receivable, loans charge by business income; payable, tax payable-payable VAT; sales an output tax. 2.5 Major of implications for AIS Reporting is to summary, timely information used by decision-making and financial reporting in accurately in a major tool of organizations. So that, pulls data from the centralized database, processes and transforms is the accounting information system. Eventually, it can occurs a summary by data as information and easy for consumed from today and analyzed in business analysts, managers or other decision makers. These systems to ensure that the reports occurring immediately so decision-makers are not act or irrelevant information and rather can act quickly and effectively based on report. Consolidation is the greatest hallmarks in reporting because people no need to get through the largest number of transactions. For example, end of the month, the financial accounts consolidates are paid vouchers by running the system in the reporting. The systemà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s application of the data from database and support the report with total amount paid to vendors for parti cular month. Nevertheless, to generate large volumes of transaction data, running reports that AIS can spend days or even weeks make report to large corporation. In the large companies as Tyco International, Enron and WorldCom, important to emphasis was put on enforcing public companies to implement strong internal controls of their transaction-based systems. So, this was made in law of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 regulation that companies was generate of internal control report who is responsible for an organizations internal control and outlines of the overall effectiveness of the control. From scandals were rooted in the companies accounting practices, the most to emphasis of Sarbanes Oxley was put on computer-based accounting information systems. Nowadays, AIS vendors tout of their governance, risk management, and obedience features which ensure business processes are protected and organizations assets are in secured. 3.0 Conclusion The results will get what you might expect from ERP system. Few months, the considerable gains in productivity, efficiency and visibility become obvious and you can rise operational quality even reduce your human resourcing intensity because have not much repetitive tasks need to do and concentrate on higher added-value work through adopted Open ERP. For the past, accounting information systems focused on recording, summarizing and validating of data about business financial transactions. The results revealed which is hug gap between what AIS and what should be.

Knowing Me for Me :: Personal Narratives California Essays

Knowing Me for Me Who a person is can be shaped by many different things. Understanding how a person came to be who they are is important to grasping their inner-most uniqueness. People, places, and even events can shape a person. Things like having a supportive parent, growing up in a unique place, and being suddenly injured can help to define a person. This paper explains and evaluates my characteristics as they have changed through having a loving and comforting mom, living in San Diego, and getting hurt playing Water Polo. One of the most influential and most respectable people in my life is my mom. Though my dad is a close second, my mom has truly helped shape me in to who I am today. Since the day I was born my mom has always been there for me. Whether it was being in the front row of my dance recital or wiping my teenage tears away, she has always been a comfort. I went through a rough time during my sophomore and junior years of high school. A week before she found drugs in my room, my mom found out I had gotten my belly button pierced and a month later I got kicked out of a class at school. Alone and afraid were only the beginning of how I felt and would feel for a while. Of course I was in trouble, but my mom did her best to get me back on track and get me help. To this day she is amazed at how I have drastically changed, but it is all thanks to her. This is only one example. It has been a consistent pattern throughout my life. She has made me who I am; the person I want to be. The place in which a person lives can change their life forever. â€Å"California,† by Tom Petty describes the atmosphere in which I grew up. I grew up in Southern California, which is unlike any other place in the world. The busyness all around me all the time forced me to fight hard to find out just where I belonged. The high school I attended was huge with almost 4,000 students. The school however was build for 1,200. Everywhere you looked it was a sea of students you could not escape.

Abigail Williams and How She Contributed to American History Essay

Abigail Williams was a suspicious 11 or 12 year old girl who was the leading cause of the Salem Witch Trial hysteria. There is not much background information on her, but as far as history goes, Abigail was born 1680 and lived with her Uncle Samuel Parris’ family, who was the head Reverend of Salem, Massachusetts at the time. â€Å"Although it was ordinary practice for young girls to live with relatives to learn about housewifery, we know very little about Abigail, including where she was born and who her parents were.† (Yost, 2002) In an indirect way, Abigail has contributed to American history being that she was the main cause of the Salem Witch Trial accusations. The 6th amendment of the American Constitution was highly influenced by the Salem Witch Trials. See more: Experiment on polytropic process Essay With the 6th amendment, the accused are entitled to have a witness, an attorney for their defense, and will be heard before a jury in court. The Salem Witch Trials affected the way America viewed reliable evidence used in court cases because they stopped using spectral evidence. During the Witchcraft trials, the only evidence available was hear-say information from the girls who were â€Å"afflicted.† More than 45 innocent people were killed, because the court believed Abigail and the girls without looking into further detail about the spoken â€Å"witches.† Nowadays, the accused are able to have a witness with them as well as some one who will look into their case and use accurate evidence to prove their innocence â€Å"until proven guilty.†

History of Myanmars 8888 Uprising

Throughout the previous year, students, Buddhist monks, and pro-democracy advocates had been protesting against Myanmars military leader, Ne Win, and his erratic and repressive policies.  The demonstrations forced him out of office on July 23, 1988, but Ne Win appointed General Sein Lwin as his replacement. Sein Lwin was known as the Butcher of Rangoon for being in command of the army unit that massacred 130 Rangoon University students in July of 1962, as well as for other atrocities.   Tensions, already high, threatened to boil over.  The student leaders set the auspicious date of August 8, or 8/8/88, as the day for nationwide strikes and protests against the new regime. The 8/8/88 Protests In the week leading up to the protest day, all of Myanmar (Burma) seemed to rise up.  Human shields protected speakers at political rallies from retaliation by the army. Opposition newspapers printed and openly distributed anti-government papers.  Entire neighborhoods barricaded their streets and set up defenses, in case the army should try to move through.  Through the first week of August, it seemed that Burmas pro-democracy movement had unstoppable momentum on its side. The protests were peaceful at first, with demonstrators even encircling army officers in the street to shield them from any violence.  However, as the protests spread to even rural areas of Myanmar, Ne Win decided to call army units in the mountains back to the capital as reinforcements.  He ordered that the army disperses the massive protests and that their guns were not to shoot upward - an elliptical shoot to kill order.   Even in the face of live fire, the protesters remained in the streets through August 12. They threw rocks and Molotov cocktails at the army and police and raided police stations for firearms. On August 10, soldiers chased protesters into Rangoon General Hospital and then began shooting down the doctors and nurses who were treating wounded civilians.   On August 12, after just 17 days in power, Sein Lwin resigned the presidency.  The protesters were ecstatic but unsure about their next move. They demanded that the sole civilian member of the upper political echelon, Dr. Maung Maung, be appointed to replace him. Maung Maung would remain president for just one month.  This limited success did not halt the demonstrations; on August 22, 100,000 people gathered in Mandalay for a protest.  On August 26, as many as 1 million people turned out for a rally at Shwedagon Pagoda in the center of Rangoon.   One of the most electrifying speakers at that rally was Aung San Suu Kyi, who would go on to win the presidential elections in 1990 but would be arrested and jailed before she could take power.  She won a Nobel Peace Prize in 1991 for her support of peaceful resistance to military rule in Burma. Bloody clashes continued in the cities and towns of Myanmar for the rest of 1988.  Throughout early September, as the political leaders temporized and made plans for gradual political change, the protests grew ever more violent.  In some cases, the army provoked the demonstrators into open battle so that the soldiers would have an excuse to mow down their opponents. The End of the Protests On September 18, 1988, General Saw Maung led a military coup that seized power and declared the harsh martial law.  The army used extreme violence to break up demonstrations, killing 1,500 people in just the first week of military rule alone, including monks and schoolchildren.  Within two weeks, the 8888 Protest movement had collapsed. By the end of 1988, thousands of protesters and smaller numbers of police and army troops were dead.  Estimates of the casualties run from the implausible official figure of 350 to around 10,000.  Additional thousands of people disappeared or were imprisoned.  The ruling military junta kept universities shuttered through the year 2000 to prevent students from organizing further protests. The 8888 Uprising in Myanmar was eerily similar to the Tiananmen Square Protests that would break out the following year in Beijing, China.  Unfortunately for the protesters, both resulted in mass killings and little political reform - at least, in the short run.